dpkg指令用法

平台:ubuntu8.04LTS
ubuntulogo
Debian,和基于 Debian 的系统,如 Ubuntu ,使用的包格式为 deb。操作 deb 包的常用 Dpkg 指令可通过
>dpkg -h
得到

用法:dpkg [<选项> ...] <命令>

Commands:
-i|–install <.deb file name> … | -R|–recursive
–unpack <.deb file name> … | -R|–recursive
-A|–record-avail <.deb file name> … | -R|–recursive
–configure|–triggers-only … | -a|–pending
-r|–remove … | -a|–pending
-P|–purge … | -a|–pending
–get-selections [ ...] Get list of selections to stdout.
–set-selections Set package selections from stdin.
–clear-selections Deselect every non-essential package.
–update-avail Replace available packages info.
–merge-avail Merge with info from file.
–clear-avail Erase existing available info.
–forget-old-unavail Forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs.
-s|–status … Display package status details.
-p|–print-avail … Display available version details.
-L|–listfiles … List files `owned’ by package(s).
-l|–list [ ...] List packages concisely.
-S|–search … Find package(s) owning file(s).
-C|–audit Check for broken package(s).
–print-architecture Print dpkg architecture.
–compare-versions Compare version numbers – see below.
–force-help Show help on forcing.
-Dh|–debug=help Show help on debugging.

-h|–help 显示本帮助信息。
–version 显示版本信息。
–license | –licence 显示版权和许可证条文。

对归档文件使用 dpkg -b|–build|-c|–contents|-e|–control|-I|–info|-f|–field|
-x|–extract|-X|–vextract|–fsys-tarfile (输入 dpkg-deb –help)。

供内部使用:dpkg –assert-support-predepends | –predep-package |
–assert-working-epoch | –assert-long-filenames | –assert-multi-conrep。

Options:
–admindir= Use instead of /var/lib/dpkg.
–root= Install on a different root directory.
–instdir= Change installation dir without changing admin dir.
-O|–selected-only Skip packages not selected for install/upgrade.
-E|–skip-same-version Skip packages whose same version is installed.
-G|–refuse-downgrade Skip packages with earlier version than installed.
-B|–auto-deconfigure Install even if it would break some other package.
[--no-]triggers Skip or force consequential trigger processing.
–no-debsig Do not try to verify package signatures.
–no-act|–dry-run|–simulate
Just say what we would do – don’t do it.
-D|–debug= Enable debugging (see -Dhelp or –debug=help).
–status-fd Send status change updates to file descriptor .
–log= Log status changes and actions to .
–ignore-depends= ,…
Ignore dependencies involving .
–force-… Override problems (see –force-help).
–no-force-…|–refuse-…
Stop when problems encountered.
–abort-after Abort after encountering errors.

可供–compare-version 使用的比较运算符有:
lt le eq ne ge gt (如果版本号为空,那么就认为它先于任意版本号);
lt-nl le-nl ge-nl gt-nl (如果版本号为空,那么就认为它后于任意版本号);
< << <= = >= >> > (仅仅是为了与主控文件的语法兼容)。

我觉得最常用的只是几个命令:
列出所有安装包:

dpkg -l

安装包:

dpkg -i package.deb

删除包(包含配置文件):

dpkg -P package.deb

只是删除包:

dpkg -r package.deb

配置包:

dpkg –configure package.deb

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