平台:ubuntu8.04LTS

Debian,和基于 Debian 的系统,如 Ubuntu ,使用的包格式为 deb。操作 deb 包的常用 Dpkg 指令可通过
>dpkg -h
得到
用法:dpkg [<选项> ...] <命令>
Commands:
-i|–install <.deb file name> … | -R|–recursive
–unpack <.deb file name> … | -R|–recursive
-A|–record-avail <.deb file name> … | -R|–recursive
–configure|–triggers-only
-r|–remove
-P|–purge
–get-selections [
–set-selections Set package selections from stdin.
–clear-selections Deselect every non-essential package.
–update-avail
–merge-avail
–clear-avail Erase existing available info.
–forget-old-unavail Forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs.
-s|–status
-p|–print-avail
-L|–listfiles
-l|–list [
-S|–search
-C|–audit Check for broken package(s).
–print-architecture Print dpkg architecture.
–compare-versions
–force-help Show help on forcing.
-Dh|–debug=help Show help on debugging.
-h|–help 显示本帮助信息。
–version 显示版本信息。
–license | –licence 显示版权和许可证条文。
对归档文件使用 dpkg -b|–build|-c|–contents|-e|–control|-I|–info|-f|–field|
-x|–extract|-X|–vextract|–fsys-tarfile (输入 dpkg-deb –help)。
供内部使用:dpkg –assert-support-predepends | –predep-package |
–assert-working-epoch | –assert-long-filenames | –assert-multi-conrep。
Options:
–admindir=
–root=
–instdir=
-O|–selected-only Skip packages not selected for install/upgrade.
-E|–skip-same-version Skip packages whose same version is installed.
-G|–refuse-downgrade Skip packages with earlier version than installed.
-B|–auto-deconfigure Install even if it would break some other package.
[--no-]triggers Skip or force consequential trigger processing.
–no-debsig Do not try to verify package signatures.
–no-act|–dry-run|–simulate
Just say what we would do – don’t do it.
-D|–debug=
–status-fd
–log=
–ignore-depends=
Ignore dependencies involving
–force-… Override problems (see –force-help).
–no-force-…|–refuse-…
Stop when problems encountered.
–abort-after
可供–compare-version 使用的比较运算符有:
lt le eq ne ge gt (如果版本号为空,那么就认为它先于任意版本号);
lt-nl le-nl ge-nl gt-nl (如果版本号为空,那么就认为它后于任意版本号);
< << <= = >= >> > (仅仅是为了与主控文件的语法兼容)。
我觉得最常用的只是几个命令:
列出所有安装包:
dpkg -l
安装包:
dpkg -i package.deb
删除包(包含配置文件):
dpkg -P package.deb
只是删除包:
dpkg -r package.deb
配置包:
dpkg –configure package.deb

相关阅读: